MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF MALARIA TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS INTERGRATED WITH VACCINATION AND VECTOR REDUCTION STRATEGIES

Abstract

Abstract

Malaria remains a major global health challenge, especially in endemic regions where socio-economic factors, insecticide resistance, and drug resistance hinder control efforts. This study develops a mathematical model using differential equations to represent human and mosquito populations, incorporating key factors like transmission rates, vaccination coverage, and sanitation impact. The model calculates the basic reproduction number (R₀) to assess disease spread and conducts stability analysis to identify disease free and endemic equilibrium conditions. When R₀<1 , the disease free state is stable, indicating malaria elimination, while ????₀>1 signifies ongoing transmission. Sensitivity analysis identifies crucial factors influencing transmission, and numerical simulations demonstrate that increasing vaccination coverage and improving sanitation significantly reduce malaria prevalence. The findings provide practical insights for public health officials and policymakers to make data-driven decisions in optimizing malaria control and eradication strategies.